A Distinct Cytokine Profile and Stromal Vascular Fraction Metabolic Status without Significant Changes in the Lipid Composition Characterizes Lipedema

Lipedema is an adipose tissue disorder characterized by the disproportionate increase of subcutaneous fat tissue in the lower and/or upper extremities. The underlying pathomechanism remains unclear and no molecular biomarkers to distinguish the disease exist, leading to a large number of undiagnosed and misdiagnosed patients. To unravel the distinct molecular characteristic of lipedema we performed lipidomic analysis of the adipose tissue and serum of lipedema versus anatomically- and body mass index (BMI)-matched control patients. Both tissue groups showed no significant changes regarding lipid composition. As hyperplastic adipose tissue represents low-grade inflammation, the potential systemic effects on circulating cytokines were evaluated in lipedema and control patients using the Multiplex immunoassay system. Interestingly, increased systemic levels of interleukin 11 (p = 0.03), interleukin 28A (p = 0.04) and interleukin 29 (p = 0.04) were observed. As cytokines can influence metabolic activity, the metabolic phenotype of the stromal vascular fraction was examined, revealing significantly increased mitochondrial respiration in lipedema. In conclusion, despite sharing a comparable lipid profile with healthy adipose tissue, lipedema is characterized by a distinct systemic cytokine profile and metabolic activity of the stromal vascular fraction.     

Full scale investigation of GCL damage mechanisms in small earth dam retrofit applications under earthquake loading

This paper reports results of full scale testing to further explore potential GCL damage mechanisms in earth dam retrofit applications in seismically active areas; in particular, to a) investigate whether shear displacements could reduce the magnitude of GCL panel overlap during earthquake shaking; b) explore the influence of gravel particles on GCL thickness at localised point of contact; and c) observe the consequences of an accidental exposure of an uncovered GCL to short duration rainfall in terms of moisture content and effects during subsequent compaction. The results of these experiments indicate that even under severe shaking no movements were detected at the GCL panel overlap. Whereas gravel particles were observed to locally reduce the thickness of the GCL to 2.2 mm, no plowing of the particle into the GCL occurred due to a lack of shear displacement at the interface, resulting in no localised internal erosion through the barrier. Furthermore, hydration of GCL panels during construction due to surface wetting was observed to result in a state of hydration less than its post-construction state. These results indicate that although each of the three GCL damage mechanisms cannot be ruled out to ever be relevant in practice, the performance of the GCL retrofitted earth dam tested was satisfactory under even severe Level 2 earthquake shaking, and suggests that the retrofitting of small earth dams with GCLs is a promising strategy to improve their static and seismic resistance.     

Food-grade carrageenans and their implications in health and disease

Food additives, often used to guarantee the texture, shelf-life, taste, and appearance of processed foods, have gained widespread attention due to their increased link to the growing incidence of chronic diseases. As one of the most common additives, carrageenans have been used in human diets for hundreds of years. While classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for human consumption, numerous studies since the 1980s have suggested that carrageenans, particularly those with random coil conformations, may have adverse effects on gastrointestinal health, including aggravating intestinal inflammation. While these studies have provided some evidence of adverse effects, the topic is still controversial. Some have suggested that the negative consequence of the consumption of carrageenans may be structure dependent. Furthermore, pre-existing conditions may predispose individuals to varied outcomes of carrageenan intake. In this review, structure–function relationships of various carrageenans in the context of food safety are discussed. We reviewed the molecular mechanisms by which carrageenans exert their biological effects. We summarized the findings associated with carrageenan intake in animal models and clinical trials. Moreover, we examined the interactions between carrageenans and the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disorders. This review argues for personalized guidance on carrageenan intake based on individuals’ health status. Future research efforts that aim to close the knowledge gap on the effect of low-dose and chronic carrageenan intake as well as interactions among food additives should be conducive to the improved safety profile of carrageenans in processed food products.     

Aluminium-doped TiO2 nanotubes with enhanced light-harvesting properties

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) application in light-harvesting processes is hindered by its wide band gap. Strategies such as morphology shifts from nanoparticles to nanotubes and doping of fabricated nanostructures are widely used to address this issue. Combining both approaches, this work successfully synthesizes, for the first time, aluminium-doped TiO₂ nanotubes via a single-step anodization method at three distinct potentials (20, 40 and 60 V). SEM images revealed the successful formation of remarkably thin layers of TiO₂ nanotubes produced at 40 and 60 V. X-ray diffractograms and Raman spectra suggest the successful insertion of aluminium into the anatase lattice. Diffuse reflectance confirmed the doping process through a marked effect on the absorbance of visible light for the higher voltages, as well as through a reduction in the optical band gap. For utilization purposes, the photoelectrochemical performance of 40 V Al–TiO₂ was able to deliver a comparable response to that of a compact TiO₂ layer of the same thickness. The current density developed by the 60 V sample was increased by 120% in comparison to the undoped material, despite having an absorbance much lower than that of the latter. Overall, synthesizing an Al-doped TiO₂ nanotubular structure has proven to be a great strategy in the development of materials for application in advanced light-harvesting electrodes.     

Evaluation of thermodynamic simulation (FactSage) for the interpretation of the presence of phases and the firing behavior of triaxial ceramics

The present work provides an evaluation of the thermodynamic calculation, using the FactSage software, which allows the study of the interaction of a system of various oxides. It started with the examination of the crystalline phases present in the raw materials indicated by the FactSage and compared with the analysis by XRD. Subsequently, the crystalline phases and the amount of liquid phase predicted by the software at different firing temperatures were analyzed. These results were compared with experimental data and records from the literature. The FactSage showed consistent results, managing to indicate the presence of the main phases in the raw materials; however, the actual and predicted secondary phases did not always coincide. The type of phase in the firing was correctly indicated, tridymite (stable phase above 867 °C), mullite and liquid phase, but their quantity in relation to the firing temperature was quite different from the experimental data.     

Effects of Ce Doping on the Photocatalytic and Electrochemical Performance of Nickel Hydroxide Nanostructures

Topics in Catalysis - Ni(OH)2 doped with cerium cations was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and its electrochemical, photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic behavior was determined by the...     

Adsorption of Uranium from Aqueous Solutions by Expanded Perlite

Radiochemistry - The uranium removal from radioactive liquid waste using expanded perlite (EP) was studied. The influence of the contact time, solution pH, initial uranium concentration, sorption...     

Ionic Liquids as Additives in Water-Based Lubricants: From Surface Adsorption to Tribofilm Formation

Tribology Letters - Thickener plays a significant role on the performance of grease, including rheological property, chemical and thermal stability, colloidal and mechanical stability, and so...